Multi-tier intelligent infrastructure management systems for communications systems and related equipment and methods

ABSTRACT

Methods of identifying available connector ports on rack mounted equipment use an image capture device to capture an image of a front face of an equipment rack. The captured image is compared to at least one stored image. A patch cord insertion status of at least one connector port included on an item of equipment that is mounted on the equipment rack is then determined based at least in part on the comparison of the captured image to the at least one stored image.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of, and claims priority under35 U.S.C. § 120 to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/934,364, filed,Nov. 6, 2015, which in turn claims priority to U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 62/077,981, filed Nov. 11, 2014, the entire content ofeach of which is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to communications systems and,more particularly, to infrastructure management systems that may be usedto automatically manage various aspects of such communications systems.

BACKGROUND

Many businesses have dedicated communications networks that enablecomputers, servers, printers, facsimile machines and the like tocommunicate with each other and with remote locations via atelecommunications service provider. Such communications system may behard wired through, for example, the walls and/or ceilings of a buildingusing communications cables. Typically, these cables are so-called“Ethernet” cables that contain four twisted pairs of insulated wires,although in some cases fiber optic cables may be used instead.Individual connector ports such as RJ-45 style modular wall jacks aremounted in offices throughout the building. The cables provide acommunications path from the connector ports in offices and other roomsand common areas of the building (“work area outlets”) to networkequipment (e.g., network servers, switches, etc.) that may be located ina computer room. Communications cables from external telecommunicationservice providers may also terminate within the computer room.

Commercial data center operations also use hard wired communicationsnetworks to interconnect hundreds or thousands of servers, routers,memory storage systems and other associated equipment. In these datacenters, fiber optic communications cables and/or Ethernet cables areused to interconnect the servers, routers, memory storage systems andthe like.

In the above-described office and data center communications systems,the cables that connect to end devices such as computers, servers,switches and the like may terminate into one or more communicationspatching systems that may simplify later connectivity changes.Typically, a communications patching system includes a plurality of“patch panels” that are mounted on one or more equipment racks. As isknown to those of skill in the art, a “patch panel” refers to aninter-connection device that includes a plurality of connector ports ona front side thereof. Each connector port (e.g., an RJ-45 jack or afiber optic adapter) is configured to receive the connector of a “patchcord,” which is a communications cable that is terminated with aconnector such as an RJ-45 or fiber optic plug on at least one endthereof. Another patch cord (or unterminated cable) may be connected tothe reverse side of each connector port. Accordingly, each connectorport on the patch panel may provide a communications path between afirst cable that is plugged into the front side of the connector portand a second cable that is terminated into the reverse side of theconnector port.

Connectivity changes are often made frequently in both office and datacenter communications systems, and these connectivity changes aretypically implemented by rearranging the patch cord connections in thecommunications patching system. The patch cord interconnections aretypically logged in a computer-based log, and this log is updated eachtime the patch cord connections are changed. A variety of “intelligent”patching systems are known in the art which have at least somecapabilities to automatically log changes or additions to the patch cordconnections. These systems, however, have various limitations in termsof cost, complexity and/or the ability to track all changes to the patchcord connections.

FIG. 1 is a schematic, greatly-simplified view of a conventionalcommunications system 10 that is used to connect computers, printers,Internet telephones and other work area devices to network equipmentthat is located in a computer room 14. As shown in FIG. 1, a computer 20or other work area device is connected by a patch cord 22 to a modularwall jack 24 that is mounted in a wall plate 26 in work area 12. Acommunications cable 28 is routed from the back end of the wall jack 24through, for example, the walls and/or ceiling of the building, to thecomputer room 14. As there may be hundreds or thousands of work areawall jacks 24 in an office building, a large number of cables 28 may berouted into the computer room 14.

A first equipment rack 30 is provided in the computer room 14. Aplurality of patch panels 32 are mounted on the first equipment rack 30.Each patch panel 32 includes a plurality of connector ports 34. Eachcable 28 is terminated onto the back end of one of the connector ports34 of one of the patch panels 32. A second equipment rack 30′ is alsoprovided in the computer room 14. A plurality of patch panels 32′ thatinclude connector ports 34′ are mounted on the second equipment rack30′. A first set of patch cords 50 (only two exemplary patch cords 50are illustrated in FIG. 1) are used to interconnect the connector ports34 on the patch panels 32 to respective ones of the connector ports 34′on the patch panels 32′. The first and second equipment racks 30, 30′may be located in close proximity to each other (e.g., side-by-side) tosimplify the routing of the patch cords 50. In FIG. 1, each connectorport 34, 34′ comprises an RJ-45 jack. However, it will be appreciatedthat other types of connector ports may be used such as, for example,LC, SC, MPO or other fiber optic adapters (e.g., in data centercommunications systems).

A rack controller 36 is also mounted on each equipment rack 30, 30′.Each rack controller 36 includes a central processing unit (“CPU”) 38and a display 39. The rack controllers 36 may be interconnected witheach other and with a system controller such as, for example, a systemadministration computer (not shown). The rack controller 36 may, forexample, operate and gather data from intelligent tracking capabilitiesof the patch panels 32, 32′.

As is further shown in FIG. 1, network devices such as, for example, oneor more network switches 42 and network routers and/or servers 46 aremounted, for example, on a third equipment rack 40. Each of the switches42 may include a plurality of connector ports 44, and each networkrouter and/or server 46 may include one or more connector ports. One ormore external communications lines 52 are connected to at least some ofthe network devices 46 (either directly or through a patch panel). Asecond set of patch cords 70 connect the connector ports 44 on theswitches 42 to respective ones of the connector ports 34′ on the patchpanels 32′. A third set of patch cords 54 may be used to interconnectother of the connector ports 44 on the switches 42 with connector ports48 provided on the network routers/servers 46. In order to simplify FIG.1, only a single patch cord 70 and a single patch cord 54 are shown. Thecommunications patching system of FIG. 1 may be used to connect eachwork area computer 20 or other device to the network switches 42, thenetwork switches 42 to the network routers and servers 46, and thenetwork routers/servers 46 to external communications lines 52, therebyestablishing the physical connectivity required to give devices 20access to both local and wide area networks.

The equipment configuration shown in FIG. 1 in which each wall jack 24is connected to the network equipment 42, 46 through at least two patchpanels 32, 32′, is referred to as a “cross-connect” communicationspatching system. Cross-connect patching systems are also routinely usedin data center operations. In a cross-connect patching system such asthe system of FIG. 1, connectivity changes are typically made byrearranging the patch cords 50 that interconnect the connector ports 34on the patch panels 32 with respective of the connector ports 34′ on thepatch panels 32′.

Communications system that are similar to the communications systems 10of FIG. 1 are used in data centers to interconnect servers, switches,routers, memory storage units and the like.

Accurately tracking patch cord connections and equipment may becomeincreasingly difficult as the size of communications systems increase.Modern data center operations may host tens of thousands of servers andother network equipment in a highly dynamic environment in whichpatching and equipment changes are being made almost constantly. Whenmistakes occur in recording such changes, numerous problems may arisesuch as lost connectivity between various devices, the issuance of workorders that cannot properly be completed, loss of planned levels ofredundancy, etc. It can be very time-consuming to identify and correctthese problems. Accordingly, improved infrastructure management systemsare desired that may more accurately track equipment and patchingconnections.

SUMMARY

Pursuant to embodiments of the present invention, methods of identifyingavailable connector ports on rack mounted equipment are provided inwhich an image capture device is used to capture an image of a frontface of an equipment rack. The captured image is compared to at leastone stored image. A patch cord insertion status of at least oneconnector port included on an item of equipment that is mounted on theequipment rack is then determined based at least in part on thecomparison of the captured image to the at least one stored image.

In some embodiments, the image capture device may be an overhead mountedCMOS scanner. The method may further include tracking the availableconnector ports on each item of equipment that is mounted on theequipment rack based at least in part on the comparison of the capturedimage to the at least one stored image. The method may also includeissuing an electronic work order that includes an instruction that afirst patch cord be inserted into a first connector port on a firstpiece of equipment, where the first connector port is selected forinclusion in the electronic work order based at least in part on thedetermination that the patch cord insertion status of the firstconnector port is that the first connector port is available.

In some embodiments, the method may further comprise using thedetermined patch cord insertion status of the at least one connectorport to confirm that a step in an electronic work order was completed.The method may also include determining a power cord insertion status ofat least one power outlet based at least in part on the comparison ofthe captured image to the at least one stored image.

Pursuant to further embodiments of the present invention, patch cordsare provided that comprise a cable, a connector on a first end of thecable, the connector including a latch. The patch cords further includean active RFID tag that is configured to transmit a first RFID signal inresponse to insertion of the connector into a mating connector. In someembodiments, the active RFID tag may be configured to transmit inresponse to activation of the latch. The active RFID tag may also beconfigured to transmit a signal in response to receiving an excitationsignal from an external source

In some embodiments, the active RFID tag may be further configured totransmit a second RFID signal in response to removal of the connectorfrom the mating connector. The patch cord may also include secondconnector on a second end of the cable and a second active RFID tag thatis configured to transmit a second RFID signal in response to insertionof the second connector into a second mating connector. In someembodiments, the cable may be a fiber optic communications cable. Thelatch may be a cantilevered latch or a push-on latch that is configuredto releasably lock the connector within a plug aperture of the matingconnector.

Pursuant to further embodiments of the present invention, methods ofautomatically tracking patch cord connections are provided in which apatch cord is inserted into a connector port. The insertion of the patchcord into the connector port is then detected using an image capturedevice. An RFID signal that includes an identifier for the patch cord isreceived, where the RFID signal is automatically transmitted by anactive RFID tag that is included on the patch cord in response to thepatch cord being inserted into the connector port. A determination ismade that the patch cord was inserted into the connector port based atleast in part on a time that the RFID signal was received.

In some embodiments, the active RFID tag may be configured toautomatically transmit an RFID signal in response to depression of aplug latch on a first plug of the patch cord. The connector port may bea connector port of a device that does not include any hardware fortracking patch cord connections. The image capture device may be acontroller that is mounted above the equipment rack that includes apiece of equipment that has the connector port, where the controller isconfigured to detect patch cord insertions into connector ports on theequipment by periodically capturing images of the equipment andcomparing the captured images to stored images to determine theavailability status of the connector ports included on the equipmentmounted in the rack. The active RFID tag may be configured to onlyactively transmit in response to the active RFID tag being insertedinto, or removed from, a connector port.

Pursuant to yet additional embodiments of the present invention, methodsof tracking rack-mounted equipment in a communication system areprovided in which an image capture device is used to capture an image ofa front face of an equipment rack. The captured image is compared to atleast one stored image. A determination is them made regarding theavailable slots in the equipment rack based at least in part on thecomparison of the captured image to the at least one stored image. Insome embodiments, the method may further comprise identifying theequipment by equipment type that is mounted in occupied slots of theequipment rack based at least in part on the comparison of the capturedimage to the at least one stored image.

Pursuant to still additional embodiments of the present invention,methods of tracking rack-mounted equipment in a communication system areprovided in which an image capture device is used to capture an image ofa front face of an equipment rack. The captured image is compared to atleast one stored image. An item of equipment that is mounted in theequipment rack is then identified based on a comparison of the capturedimage to stored data. In some embodiments, identifying the item ofequipment that is mounted in the equipment rack based on a comparison ofthe captured image to stored data may comprise identifying the item ofequipment based at least in part on the comparison of the captured imageto the at least one stored image.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating how a conventionalcommunications patching system may be used to connect network equipmentwork area devices.

FIG. 2 is block diagram of an intelligent network monitoring systemaccording to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic elevation view of a portion of a data centerillustrating how a plurality of ceiling mounted intelligent networkmonitoring systems according to embodiments of the present invention maybe used to monitor the equipment mounted on equipment racks on bothsides of the aisles of the data center.

FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view illustrating how a pair of theintelligent network monitoring systems of FIG. 3 may be used to scan theequipment racks on both sides of an aisle.

FIG. 5 is a front view of one of the equipment racks of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 5 illustrating how patchcords may be plugged into some, but not all, of the connector portsthereof.

FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a pair of intelligenteyeglasses that may be integrated into the intelligent infrastructuremanagement systems according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIGS. 8A-8C illustrate information that may be displayed on a displaydevice of a pair of intelligent eyeglasses that may be included in theinfrastructure management systems according to embodiments of thepresent invention.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a patch cord that includes active RFIDtags according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged perspective view of one of the plugs of the patchcord of FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a schematic side view of the plug latch and active RFID tagthat are included on the plug of FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view of the front portion of aconventional RJ-45 jack.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the present invention provide intelligent infrastructuremanagement systems for communications systems that may be used toautomatically track, among other things, available connector ports onpatch panels and network equipment, patch cord connectivity, thelocation of network equipment, available slots in equipment racks,environmental parameters, power outlets, manual control settings onpower distribution equipment and the like. These intelligentinfrastructure management systems may also be used in conjunction withelectronic work orders to further automate the process of making changesto the communications system and to verify that the requested changeshave in fact been successfully completed. The intelligent infrastructuremanagement systems disclosed herein may be used with both intelligentand passive patching systems, and may automatically track patch cordconnectivity to end devices that do not include any intelligencepatching capabilities. The intelligent infrastructure management systemsmay be used with both new and pre-existing installations.

In some embodiments, intelligent network monitoring systems that includethree-dimensional scanners may be mounted in the ceiling or in otherappropriate locations in, for example, a computer room or a commercialdata center. These systems may be positioned so that thethree-dimensional scanners can scan the front face of rack-mountednetwork equipment and patch panels. These intelligent network monitoringsystems may be used to automatically identify which connector ports areavailable on the patch panels and network equipment. This informationmay, in some embodiments, be incorporated into an electronic work ordersystem and used to ensure that electronic work orders do not attempt toadd new connections into connector ports that are already in use.Moreover, by tracking the available connector ports, the intelligentnetwork monitoring systems may also provide a confirmation thatelectronic work orders were properly completed. The intelligent networkmonitoring systems may also be used to monitor other activities at theequipment racks such as, for example, the available slots in equipmentracks, the types of equipment installed in each slot in the equipmentracks, whether newly installed equipment has been plugged into theequipment rack power strips, manual settings on power distributioncontrol systems and the like.

The intelligent network monitoring systems may comprise a first tier offunctionality that is provided by the infrastructure management systemsaccording to embodiments of the present invention. In furtherembodiments, the intelligent network monitoring systems may be used inconjunction with wearable or other portable devices such as intelligentglasses that technicians may use to assist in carrying out electronicwork orders. These wearable/portable devices may provide a second tierof functionality. The use of portable/wearable devices such asintelligent eyeglasses may reduce or eliminate the need for displays onthe equipment racks, rack managers and/or for intelligence on the patchpanels such as LEDs and trace buttons that are commonly used today toassist technicians in properly executing equipment and patching changes.

The portable/wearable devices may also be used to implement otherfunctionality that may be independent of the existing physicalinfrastructure. For example, the portable/wearable devices may be usedin conjunction with the intelligent network monitoring systems toperform patch cord traces. Since this functionality is implemented usingthe intelligent network monitoring systems and the portable/wearabledevices, patch cord tracing may not only be done between intelligentpatch panels, but may also be performed at passive patch panels and/orwith respect to network equipment such as network switches, servers andthe like. In some embodiments, the portable/wearable device may have thecapability to receive voice commands. This capability may be used toallow a technician to easily update system databases such as equipmentdatabases and/or connectivity databases as tasks are completed (e.g.,tasks on an electronic work order). Such voice commands may also be usedto initially populate a database with existing connections. Thiscapability may be very useful in situations where existingcommunications networks are upgraded to use the intelligentinfrastructure management systems according to embodiments of thepresent invention. System software may also be programmed to use thethree-dimensional scanning capabilities and/or an image scanner on thewearable device to confirm that the actions that a technician indicateshave been performed via a voice command have in fact been performed.Thus, the systems according to embodiments of the present invention mayhave fewer mistakes in the system databases.

Pursuant to still further embodiments, a third tier of functionality maybe provided in the form of intelligent patch cords that include active(i.e., battery-assisted) RFID tags. Each intelligent patch cord may beassigned a unique identifier that is stored electronically in the RFIDtags mounted thereon. The intelligent patch cords may be used inconjunction with the intelligent network monitoring systems toautomatically track changes to the patch cord connections. Each activeRFID tag may be designed to transmit the unique identifier that isstored therein in response to pre-defined events such as, for example,the insertion of the a plug of the patch cord into a connector port orthe removal of a plug of the patch cord from a connector port. In someembodiments, the depression of a latch on the plug may be used totrigger the active RFID tag to transmit the unique identifier storedtherein. When used in conjunction with scanning technology included inthe intelligent network monitoring systems, the infrastructuremanagement system may determine which connector port receives the patchcord, and the active RFID tag may transmit an identifier for the patchcord, which may be correlated to the identified connector port. In thisfashion, the infrastructure management system may automatically update aconnectivity database as patching changes are made, and may alsoautomatically confirm that electronic work orders have been successfullycompleted.

As discussed above, the intelligent infrastructure management systemsaccording to embodiments of the present invention may be implemented asmulti-tiered systems which may provide end users flexibility indeployment. In particular, the intelligent infrastructure managementsystems may be implemented in stages that provide increasing levels ofcapabilities while spreading the costs of the system upgrade out overtime. The systems also allow end users who require less capabilities theoption of only implementing one or more of the tiers. Moreover, theintelligent infrastructure management systems may be independent of thetypes of patch panels and network equipment that are used in thecommunications systems, and may thus allow end users to use any brand ofequipment, and also may allow use of the systems in both new andexisting installations.

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described withreference to the attached drawings, in which example embodiments aredepicted.

FIGS. 2-6 illustrate an intelligent network monitoring system 100according to embodiments of the present invention and show how aplurality of these systems may be used to implement a first tier ofinfrastructure management functionality. In particular, FIG. 2 is blockdiagram of an intelligent network monitoring system 100. FIG. 3 is aschematic elevation view of a portion of a data center illustrating howa plurality of ceiling mounted intelligent network monitoring systems100 may be used to monitor the equipment mounted on equipment racks onboth sides of the aisles of the data center. FIG. 4 is a schematic planview illustrating how a pair of the intelligent network monitoringsystems 100 of FIG. 3 may be used to scan the equipment racks on bothsides of an aisle. FIG. 5 is a front view of one of the equipment racksof FIG. 4. FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 5illustrating how patch cords may be plugged into some, but not all, ofthe connector ports thereof.

As shown in FIG. 2, the intelligent network monitoring system 100includes a system controller 110 and a three-dimensional scanner 120.The system controller 110 and the three-dimensional scanner 120 aretypically provided as a single integrated unit, but may alternatively beimplemented as separate components. The three-dimensional scanner 120includes an infrared or near infrared light source 122 (light in otherwavelength ranges may be used) that is projected onto the area that isto be scanned. The light reflects from objects in the area that isscanned. Differences between the emitted light and the reflected lightprovide information regarding the location of objects in the scannedarea. An array 124 of CMOS image sensors collects information regardingthe reflected light (herein “the scan data”) and feeds the scan data tothe system controller 110. The provision of the infrared light source122 also allows the intelligent network monitoring system 100 to operateunder a wide variety of lighting conditions, including low lighting oreven no lighting conditions. Software 112 that is stored in a memory 114of the system controller 110 is run on a processor 116 and is used toprocess the scan data using various algorithms to create athree-dimensional rendition of the scanned area. The memory 114 may alsoinclude a database 118. The database 118 may include, two-dimensional(x, y) coordinates for various structures in the field of view of thescanner 120. The database 118 may also include stored image or scandata. Specific information that may be stored in the database 118 andhow this information may be used is discussed in greater detail below.The system controller 110 may further include one or more transceivers119 for wireless and or wired communications with other elements of theinfrastructure management system.

The system controller 110 may control the times at which thethree-dimensional scanner 120 performs scans and various parameters ofthese scans. System controllers 110 with three-dimensional scanners 120are commercially available. While the intelligent network monitoringsystem 100 only includes a single three-dimensional scanner 120, asdiscussed below, in some embodiments each intelligent network monitoringsystem 100 may include a pair of three dimensional scanners 120 that arepointed in different directions. This may facilitate, for example,scanning the front faces of equipment that is mounted on both sides ofan aisle in a data center or a computer room.

FIGS. 3-6 illustrate how a plurality of intelligent network monitoringsystems 100 may be used to automatically identify available connectorports in a communications system. As shown in FIG. 3, a data center 130may have many aisles 132 that are lined on each side with equipmentracks 140. As shown in FIGS. 4-6, each equipment rack 140 may include aplurality of slots 142 that are configured to receive equipment 150. Theequipment 150 may include patching equipment 152 such as patch panelsand fiber optic connection trays and network equipment 154 such asnetwork switches, servers, routers, memory storage devices and the like.Each piece of equipment 150 may include one or more connector ports 156such as RJ-45 jacks or fiber optic adapters. The location and number ofconnector ports 156 provided varies based on the type of equipment, themanufacturer of the equipment and the model of the equipment. Patchcords 158 are used to connect a connector port 156 on one piece ofequipment 150 with a connector port 156 on another piece of equipment150, which may be on the same equipment rack 140 or a differentequipment rack 140.

Referring again to FIG. 3, the aisles 132 typically comprise alternating“cold aisles” 132-1, 132-3 and “hot aisles” 132-2, where the front facesof each piece of equipment 150 face the cold aisles 132-1, 132-3. Anintelligent network monitoring system 100 that includes a pair ofthree-dimensional scanners 120 is mounted over each of the cold aisles132-1, 132-3. The intelligent network monitoring systems 100 may bemounted, for example, in the ceiling 134 of the data center 130. Eachintelligent network monitoring system 100 may include a systemcontroller 110 and a pair of scanners 120 (see FIG. 2 and discussionabove). The two scanners 120 may be positioned to scan the front facesof the equipment racks 140 on the respective sides of the cold aisles132-1, 132-3. Each three-dimensional scanner 120 may be positioned toscan a predetermined set of equipment racks 140. For example, as shownin FIG. 4, each three-dimensional scanner 120 may be configured to scanthe front face of five adjacent equipment racks 140. In some cases thenear infrared light source 122 and the CMOS sensor array 124 of eachthree-dimensional scanner 120 may be mounted on a pole that drops downfrom the ceiling so that the three-dimensional scanner may scan thefront faces of the equipment racks 140 at a closer distance and/or morefavourable viewing angle (see the intelligent network monitoring system100 mounted above cold aisle 132-3 in FIG. 3).

In some embodiments, the intelligent network monitoring systems 100 maybe mounted in or co-located with ceiling mounted light fixtures. Datacenters typically have a carefully pre-planned layout where lightfixtures are mounted along the center of each aisle 132. Light fixturesalso necessarily have electrical power connections and may also havecommunications connections, particularly in cases where intelligentlighting systems are used to reduce energy costs. In some embodiments,the intelligent network monitoring systems 100 may use the electricalpower and/or communications connections that are provided at each lightfixture to avoid the need to run additional power or data connections.The light fixtures may comprise LED-based light fixtures that may becontrolled via a controller.

The intelligent network monitoring systems 100 may operate as follows.The system controller 110 may instruct the three-dimensional scanner 120to scan the front faces of the equipment racks 140 within the scanner'sfield of view. The scanner 120 may return the scan data to the systemcontroller 110. The system controller 110 maps out a virtualthree-dimensional (x, y, z) space (or, alternatively, a two-dimensional(x, y) space) based on the scan data. As noted above, the memory 114 mayalso include a database 118 of stored information. This database 118 mayinclude, for example, the (x, y) coordinates for each slot 142 in eachequipment rack 140, the type of equipment 150 mounted in each slot 142in each equipment rack 140, the offset (x, y) coordinates of eachconnector port 156 included on each piece of equipment 150 (i.e., the(x, y) coordinates of each connector port 156 from a fixed location oneach piece of equipment 150 such as the bottom, left hand front cornerof the piece of equipment 150). The database 118 may also includescanned images of one or more connector ports 156 both with and withoutpatch cords 158 plugged into the connector port 156 (e.g., such imagesmay be provided for a representative connector port 156 on eachdifferent piece of equipment 150 that is mounted on the equipment racks140).

The system controller 110 may compare the scan data that is returnedfrom the three-dimensional scanner 120 to the stored information in thedatabase 118 to make determinations regarding whether each connectorport 156 on each piece of equipment 150 that is mounted on the equipmentracks 140 within the field of view of the three-dimensional scanner 120has or does not have a patch cord 158 plugged into it. In someembodiments, the portion of the scan data corresponding to the (x, y)coordinates of a particular connector port 156 on a particular piece ofequipment 150 may be compared directly to the stored scanned images ofconnector ports with and without a patch cord inserted therein that arestored in the database 118 to determine if the connector port 156 ispresently in use (i.e., it has a patch cord 158 plugged into it) or,alternatively, is available for use (i.e., it does not have a patch cord158 plugged into it).

In other embodiments, more sophisticated techniques may be used. Forexample, one potential source of error in comparing the scan data tostored images in the manner described above is that the cable portion ofa patch cord 158 that is plugged into a connector port 156 may be routedso that it is between another connector port 156 (which may be on thesame piece of equipment 150 or a different piece of equipment 150) andthe three-dimensional scanner 120. This cable may make it more difficultto determine if a patch cord plug is inserted in the connector port 156of interest as it may partially block the view of the three-dimensionalscanner 120 of the connector port 156. Various techniques may be used toreduce the likelihood that such patch cords 158 introduce errors in theform of false positives (i.e., vacant connector ports 156 that areidentified as having a patch cord 158 plugged therein) or even falsenegatives (i.e., occupied connector ports 156 that are identified asbeing vacant). Such techniques may include, for example, using depthdata (the z coordinate) to identify that an object (e.g., the cable of apatch cord 158) crosses in front of a connector port 156 and reducing oreliminating the contribution of scan data in such positions in thecomparison operation that is used to make decisions regarding whether ornot a patch cord 158 is inserted within a particular connector port 156.A variety of other techniques may be used. Additionally, standard cablerouting techniques may also be employed at the equipment racks 140 toorganize the cables of the patch cords 158 into bundles and to route thecables in spaces between pieces of equipment 150 in the racks 140 sothat the patch cords 158 do not block access to the connector ports 156(which may make it more difficult for technicians to insert and removepatch cords) and to reduce the possibility that the patch cords 158generate false positive or false negatives during the monitoring foravailable connector ports 156.

In addition to monitoring for connector port availability, theintelligent network monitoring systems 100 may also monitor theequipment 150 that is mounted in each rack by comparing the scan datafor the coordinates corresponding to each slot 142 in the equipmentracks 140 to stored images of various different types of equipment 150and to stored images of empty slots 142. Monitoring may be performedsimply to identify empty slots 142 in the equipment racks 140 or mayalso further identify each piece of equipment 150 that is mounted ineach occupied equipment rack slot 142 (e.g., to identify a piece ofequipment 150 as a Systimax® GigaSPEED X10D 1100GS6 Category 6A U/UTP24-port patch panel). By periodically capturing scan data of the frontface of the equipment racks 140 and then correlating this data withinformation stored in the data base 118, the intelligent networkmonitoring systems 100 may automatically determine, for example, theslots 142 that are available in the equipment racks 140 and theconnector ports 156 that are available in the equipment mounted in theequipment racks 140. This information may be dynamically updated asequipment and patching changes are performed.

The CMOS sensors that may be included in the CMOS sensor array 124 maydetect some colors better than other colors. In particular, with somesensors, lighter colors may be detected better than darker colors. Thus,in some embodiments, connector ports and/or patch cord plugs may becolored to be more “visible” to the CMOS sensor array 124. Moreover, theconnector ports 156 and the patch cords 158 may be formed of differentcolored materials to highlight the contrast between the two. In someembodiments, the patch cords and/or connector ports may be a distinctcolor (e.g., bright pink) that other vendors are unlikely to use. Whileit is likely that the end user may have equipment from multiple vendorssuch that not all of the patch cords and/or connector ports will be thesame color, the use of such a distinct color on a substantial percentageof the cords or equipment may still improve overall performance of theintelligent network monitoring systems 100.

As discussed above with reference to FIG. 2, the intelligent networkmonitoring system 100 includes an infrared light source 122 thatprojects infrared (or near infrared) light onto the area that is to bescanned so that the CMOS images sensors 124 may detect the reflectedlight to obtain the scan data. The infrared light source 122 may also,in some embodiments, be used to track movement of persons in the datacenter, as infrared light sources and CMOS sensors can very effectivelyidentify and track such movement. For example, in some embodiments, theintelligent network monitoring system 100 may be programmed to trackmovement of technicians in the aisles of a data center and to identifyequipment racks that a technician spends a minimum amount of time infront of. This may serve as an indicator that a technician was likelymaking changes to the identified equipment rack. This information may beused to improve the efficiency of the intelligent network monitoringsystem 100. For example, the intelligent network monitoring system 100may be programmed to collect scan data on one or more equipment racksbased on a determination that a person spent time adjacent the one ormore equipment racks.

Referring again to FIG. 2, in some embodiments, some or all of theintelligent network monitoring systems 100 may also include a built-inRFID antenna 126 and RFID receiver 128. The built-in RFID antenna 126and RFID receiver 128 may be used in conjunction with active RFID tagsthat are provided on patch cords, as will be discussed below withreference to FIGS. 9-11.

Referring again to FIG. 2, in still further embodiments, the intelligentnetwork monitoring systems 100 may also include a thermal imaging unit129 that may be used to monitor temperatures at various locations on theequipment racks 140. For example, U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No.61/899,402, filed Nov. 4, 2013, and U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/520,563, filed Oct. 22, 2014, disclose methods and systems for usingoverhead mounted sensors that collect temperature data along racks ofcommunications equipment and send the collected temperature data to acentralized location for monitoring and analysis. The thermal sensorsmay comprise, for example, Grid Pattern Infrared (“GPIR”) sensor arrays,which are two-dimensional arrays of sensors, where each sensor may havemuch narrower field of view cone (or other shaped pattern) than infraredsensors used in traditional applications such as motion detection. Twoexamples of GPIR sensors are Panasonic's 8×8 Grid-Eye sensor array (part# AMG8831) and Melexis' 16×4 sensor array (part # MLX90620). The entirecontent of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/899,402 and of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 14/520,563, filed Oct. 22, 2014 areincorporated herein by reference as if set forth in their entireties.

The information collected by the intelligent network monitoring systems100 according to embodiments of the present invention may be providedto, for example, a Data Center Infrastructure Management (“DCIM”) system170. One example of such a DCIM system 170 is the iTRACS® DCIM system.Additionally or alternatively, the information collected by theintelligent network monitoring systems 100 may be provided to anyautomated infrastructure management system that is used to track patchcord connections. Likewise, in embodiments which collect temperaturedata using a thermal sensor 129, the equipment tracking and temperaturedata may likewise be provided to the DCIM system 170. This facilitatesusing the information collected and/or generated by the intelligentnetwork monitoring systems 100 to improve the electronic work orderprocess, to control heating and cooling systems, to update assetdatabases and/or to identify errors in connectivity databases.

In some embodiments, the intelligent network monitoring systems 100 maybe networked together and/or connected to the DCIM system 170 via wiredconnections, as wireless connectivity may not always be available.However, it will be appreciated that wireless connections (e.g., WiFi orbroadband) may also be used. The intelligent network monitoring systems100 may connect to a central controller that aggregates the datareceived therefrom or may connect directly to the DCIM system 170 orsome other appropriate controller.

The intelligent network monitoring systems 100 may also be used tocollect additional information regarding the equipment racks 140 intheir field of view and changes that occur at those equipment racks 140.As an example, the equipment racks 140 typically have power strips 144(see FIG. 5), and any active equipment 150 that is mounted in aparticular equipment rack 140 is plugged into the power strip 144 forthat rack 140. These power strips 144 are typically located in the frontof the equipment rack 144 for easy access by technicians, and hence maybe viewable by the intelligent network monitoring systems 100. While itwill typically not be possible to match a particular power cord that isplugged into one of these power strips 144 to a particular piece ofequipment 150 in the rack 140, it is possible to detect changes to thenumber of power cords that are plugged into a power strip 144. Thus, forexample, the intelligent network monitoring systems 100 may beprogrammed to detect changes in the number of power cords that areplugged into a power strip 144, and this information may be used as anadditional confirmation that work orders involving, for example, theinstallation of new equipment 150 have been properly executed (as partof installing a new piece of active equipment 150 is connecting thepiece of equipment 150 to an electrical power source). For example, ifan electronic work order is issued that calls for the installation of anew server 154 in slot 12 of a particular equipment rack 140, theintelligent network monitoring system 100 that monitors the equipmentrack 140 at issue may detect the fact that a server 154 has beeninstalled into slot 12 (and, in some embodiments, may identify the typeof server 154 installed), thereby providing additional confirmation thatthe work order has been completed. The intelligent network monitoringsystem 100 may also identify whether or not an additional power cord hasbeen plugged into the power strip 144 for the equipment rack 140 atissue. This may provide an indication as to whether or not the newlyinstalled server 154 has been plugged in and is ready for use.

As discussed above, the intelligent network monitoring systems 100 maybe used to identify which specific connector ports 156 on each piece ofequipment 150 are available. This may be important because many if notmost electronic (or paper) work orders request that a technician plugpatch cords 158 into open connector ports 156 in order to connect newequipment 150 to the network or to change the connectivity with respectto existing equipment 150. If inaccuracies exist in a connectivitydatabase of the DCIM 170 (the connectivity database may be an electronicdatabase in which the current patch cord and cabling connections arestored for the communications system), then work orders may specify thata patch cord 158 be plugged into a connector port 156 that already has apatch cord 158 plugged into it. When a technician attempts to executesuch a work order, he or she will realize that a mistake has occurred,and will not be able to execute the work order until a new, correctedwork order is issued.

Moreover, the intelligent network monitoring systems 100 according toembodiments of the present invention may be used on equipment 150 thatdoes not have any “intelligence” such as circuitry for tracking patchcord connections or the like. Thus, pursuant to embodiments of thepresent invention, mechanisms for automatically identifying availableconnector ports 156 are provided that may be completely independent ofthe underlying patching and network equipment 152/154.

The intelligent network monitoring systems 100 may also be used to trackthe completion of electronic work orders. For example, at the end ofsome period of time (e.g., the end of each day) the DCIM system 170 orsome other control computer or function may review the electronic workorders that technicians indicated were completed during the day toidentify the connector ports 156 that should have had a patch cord 158connected thereto or removed therefrom, the slots 142 in the equipmentracks 140 that should have had equipment 150 installed therein orremoved therefrom and other various changes to the communications systemthat can be sensed by the intelligent network monitoring systems 100.Scan data collected from the intelligent network monitoring systems 100may then be reviewed to see if all of the activities that were supposedto have happened in fact occurred. If discrepancies exist (e.g., aparticular connector port 156 was supposed to receive a patch cord 158pursuant to a work order that was allegedly completed, but the scan dataindicates that no patch cord 158 is present in that connector port 156),then a technician may be assigned to investigate the discrepancy. Thismay provide a convenient way to identify any mistakes that occur in theexecution of electronic work orders at an early stage before thosemistakes give rise to more serious problems.

In some embodiments, the intelligent network monitoring systems 100 mayalso be used to automatically track patch cord connections. This may beaccomplished by having technicians effect patching connection changes ina predetermined scheme. For example, if a technician always completesthe addition of a new patch cord connection by first inserting the firstend of the new patch cord 158 into a first connector port 156 and theninserting the second end of the new patch cord 158 into a secondconnector port 156 before effecting any other patch cord changes, thedetection of consecutive (in time) insertions of ends of patch cords 158into two connector ports 156 may be understood to represent the additionof a new patch cord 158 between the two identified connector ports 156.The management software in the DCIM 170 may thus infer that these twodetected patch cord insertions indicate that a patch cord 158 nowconnects the two identified connector ports 156. As another example,technicians may be trained to always effect a change to a patch cordconnection by first removing the end of the patch cord 158 that isimpacted by the connectivity change from the connector port 156 it isplugged into and then immediately plugging that end of the patch cord158 into another connector port 156 before performing any other patchcord changes. Thus, the detection of removal of a patch cord 158 from afirst connector port 156 followed immediately in time by the insertionof an end of a patch cord 158 into another connector port 156 may beinferred to indicate that the two detected changes involved the samepatch cord 158. Thus, if patching changes are applied in an orderlyfashion in practice, the information gathered by the intelligent networkmonitoring systems 100 regarding the insertions and removals of patchcords 158 from connector ports 156 (along with the time at which thosepatching changes occurred) may be used to automatically track the patchcord connections. Notably, this automatic tracking may be performed onequipment 150 that does not have intelligent patch cord trackingcapabilities, as the patch cord insertions and removals are detected bythe intelligent network monitoring systems 100 which are independent ofthe equipment 150 that is mounted in the equipment racks 140.

Pursuant to further embodiments of the present invention, theintelligent infrastructure management system may further includeinteractive intelligence in the form of, for example, portable/wearabledevices that are used by technicians to facilitate work orderimplementation, perform automatic patch cord connectivity tracking andvarious other functions. The use of such portable/wearable devices maybe particularly useful with respect to equipment that does not includeintelligent tracking capabilities. For example, a large base ofnon-intelligent patch panels have been installed in both office networksand in data centers that do not have any capability to track patch cordconnections, perform patch cord traces and/or guide technicians that areperforming changes to the patch cord connections. When techniciansexecute patching changes at these non-intelligent patch panels, theymust update the connectivity database later, typically by entering thecompleted patching changes into the connectivity database using, forexample, a computer. Moreover, the non-intelligent patch panels areincapable of providing the technicians any guidance when the techniciansmake changes to the patch cord connections during, for example, thecompletion of a work order. The portable/wearable devices that may beintegrated into the infrastructure management systems according toembodiments of the present invention may be used to provide intelligentpatching capabilities at these non-intelligent devices and to guidetechnicians when carrying out electronic work orders.

In some example embodiments, the above-referenced portable/wearabledevices may comprise, for example, intelligent eyeglasses such as GoogleGlass® glasses or other portable or wearable scanning equipment. FIG. 7is a schematic perspective view of a pair of intelligent eyeglasses 200that may provide interactive intelligence that facilitates automation ofpatching changes and related updates to the connectivity database forthe system.

The intelligent eyeglasses 200 may wirelessly communicate with anassociated controller using, for example, Bluetooth communications orNear Field Communication (NFC) technology. The controller may comprise,for example, an equipment rack mounted controller such as a rackcontroller or a controller of one of the intelligent network monitoringsystems 100. The controller may be in communication with a systemadministration computer, an equipment database and/or a connectivitydatabase via a wired or wireless communications link.

As shown in FIG. 7, the intelligent eyeglasses 200 include a display 210that the technician can view through one of the lenses of theintelligent eyeglasses 200. The eyeglasses 200 may also include a camera220, a processor 230, a wireless communications module 240 such as, forexample, a Bluetooth transceiver and input/output devices such as, forexample, a microphone 250 and a speaker 252.

The camera 220 may be used to scan equipment racks 140 that are in itsfield of view. The images captured by the camera 220 may be transmittedvia the wireless communications module 240 to a controller where theymay be compared in real time with stored images and other storedinformation so that the intelligent eyeglasses 200 can identify theequipment 150 that is in the field of view of the camera 220. Thecontroller may be, for example, the system controller 110 of anintelligent network monitoring system 100.

In some embodiments, each equipment rack 140 may include a bar code orother identifier 146 (see FIG. 5) thereon. The camera 220 captures animage of the identifier 146 and forwards this image to, for example, thesystem controller 110 of an intelligent network monitoring system 100.The system controller 110 performs a look up operation to identify theequipment rack 140 on which the identifier 146 is mounted. After theequipment rack 140 is identified, the system controller 110 may look upinformation regarding the equipment 150 that is mounted thereon,including the types of equipment 150 mounted on the rack, the slots 142where each specific item of equipment 150 is mounted in the equipmentrack 140, and the number and locations of the connector ports 156 oneach piece of equipment 150 in the rack 140. This information may thenbe used, for example, to guide the technician through various operationsand/or to automatically track changes to the patch cord connections, aswill be discussed below.

By way of example, a technician may receive an electronic work orderwhich requires installing a server 154 in an open slot 142 on aparticular equipment rack 140, and then connecting a patch cord 158between a connector port 156 on this server 154 and a specific connectorport 156 on a specific patch panel 152. Once the technician completesthe work order, the technician may, for example, use a voice command toindicate that the work order has been completed. The intelligenteyeglasses 200 may receive the voice command through the microphone 250and the processor 230 may process this voice command and then transmit amessage via the wireless communications module 240 to the transceiver119 of the system controller 110 that indicates that the technician hascompleted the electronic work order. In response to receiving thismessage, the system controller 110 may send a message to the DCIM system170 via, for example, a wired connection, and the DCIM system 170 maythen update the equipment database to reflect that the new server 154has been installed, and may update the connectivity database to reflectthe newly installed patch cord connection between the new server 154 andthe specified connector port 156 on the specified patch panel 152.

The intelligent eyeglasses 200 may also, for example, issue a commandinstructing the technician to look at the newly installed server 154.The camera 220 may then capture an image of the equipment rack 140 thatincludes the new server 154 and this image may be wirelessly transmittedby the intelligent eyeglasses 200 to the system controller 110. Thesystem controller 110 may then process the image to confirm that the newserver 154 has in fact been installed in the correct slot 142 in theequipment rack 140 and/or that the server 154 that was installed was thecorrect type of server. This may be accomplished by comparing the imageof the new server 154 that is captured by the intelligent eyeglasses 200with, for example, images stored in the database 118 of the systemcontroller 110. These operations may be used to confirm that thetechnician properly executed the electronic work order and thisconfirmation may be obtained immediately after the tasks specified inthe work order are completed. In this manner, any mistakes that occur inexecuting the work order may be identified and corrected immediatelybefore they lead to connectivity failures and when the mistakes are theeasiest to correct. The intelligent eyeglasses 200 may also issue acommand instructing the technician to look at the connector port 156 onthe specified patch panel 152 that the work order specified that thepatch cord 158 from the server 154 should be connected to. The camera220 may then capture an image of the patch panel 152 and send it to thesystem controller 110 for comparison to pre-stored images in thedatabase 118 to confirm that a patch cord 158 is in fact plugged intothe specified connector port 156.

The display 210 on the intelligent eyeglasses 200 may be used to displayinstructions and/or provide guidance by visual indication during theimplementation of work orders or other activities. For example, as shownin FIGS. 8A-8C, an electronic work order may be displayed to atechnician on the display 210 in a step-by-step manner to facilitate thecompletion thereof. As shown in FIG. 8A, initially a description of thetask that is specified in the electronic work order may be rendered onthe display 210. Additionally, a map of the data center 130 may also berendered on the display 210 with the current location of the technicianidentified (namely, beside Rack 144T) as well as the location where theequipment 150 is that is involved in the first step in the electronicwork order (namely, Rack 12G). This is possible because, as discussedabove, the intelligent eyeglasses 200 can read the bar codes or otheridentifiers 146 on the equipment racks 140 to determine the technician'scurrent location in the data center 130.

Once the technician arrives at the location of the equipment 150 that isinvolved in the first step in the electronic work order, the display 210on the intelligent eyeglasses 200 may then update to list the first stepof the work order and to specifically identify the item of equipment 150and/or connector port 156 that that is involved in the first step, as isshown in FIG. 8B. In the example of FIGS. 8A-8C, the electronic workorder specifies a patching change where a first end of the patch cordthat is plugged into connector port 7 on the patch panel in slot 3 of anequipment rack 140 is to be removed and inserted into connector port 13of the patch panel in slot 4 of the same equipment rack 140. As isreadily apparent from FIGS. 8B and 8C, the electronic work order may bepresented to the technician on the display 210 in a step-by-step fashionwith visual indicators that show the technician exactly which connectorports 156 are involved in the patching change. This visual indicationmay be very useful when the electronic work order specifies operationsthat are performed on equipment 150 that does not have LED indicatorlights or other visual indicia that may help direct the technician tothe correct connector port 156 such as network equipment 154 (e.g.,switches, servers, etc.) and non-intelligent patch panels 152. Theprovision of the visual indicia may also eliminate the need for LEDs orother indicator lights that are routinely provided on intelligent patchpanels, thereby reducing the costs for the end user.

In some embodiments, as the technician completes each step in anelectronic work order he may use a voice command such as “STEPCOMPLETED” to notify the intelligent eyeglasses 200 that the step hasbeen completed. The intelligent eyeglasses 200 may receive these voicecommands via the microphone 250, where the voice command is processed bythe processor 230. In response to the voice command, the intelligenteyeglasses 200 may render the next step in the electronic work order onthe display 210, and/or may also be used as a prompt for the intelligenteyeglasses 200 to transmit a message (e.g., to the system controller110) that causes an update to the connectivity database to reflect thatthe step of the work order has been completed.

In some embodiments, the intelligent eyeglasses 200 may be configured to“sense” the insertion of patch cords 158 into connector ports 156 in therack mounted equipment 150 and the removal of patch cords 158 from theconnector ports 156 in the rack mounted equipment 150, and to thentransmit information regarding the detected patch cord insertions andremovals to another controller such as the system controller 110 whichmay forward this information to the DCIM system 170. For example, theintelligent eyeglasses 200 may scan the equipment rack 140 at issueafter each step in a work order is completed and see if, for example, apatch cord 158 has been plugged into the correct connector port 156 orremoved from the correct connector port 156. If so, the intelligenteyeglasses 200 may assume that the correct patch cord 158 was pluggedinto, or removed from, the connector port 156 at issue and automaticallyupdate the system databases to indicate that the electronic work orderwas completed. In order to have improved accuracy, a combination ofautomatic sensing and received voice (or other) commands may be used.Moreover, if the automatic sensing does not detect that the electronicwork order has been properly executed, an error message may be providedto the technician (e.g., in the form of an audible error message or anerror message that is displayed on the display 210).

In embodiments where the system automatically tracks changes to thepatch cord connections, the intelligent eyeglasses 200 may also be usedto implement “trace button” functionality. In particular, someintelligent patch panels 152 that are in use today include a tracebutton and an LED (or other indicator light) adjacent to each connectorport 156. When these intelligent patch panels 152 are used in aso-called “cross-connect” patching configuration where both ends of thepatch cords 158 are plugged into patch panels 152, a technician maypress the trace button at a first connector port 156 and the system willautomatically look up the connectivity information for the patch cord158 that is plugged into the connector port 156 and then light the LEDat the connector port 156 that the far end of the patch cord 158 isplugged into. In this fashion, a technician can easily “trace” the patchcord 158 to determine where the far end of the patch cord 158 islocated. Since the patch cords 158 are typically bundled and oftenhidden from view when routed through and between equipment racks, thistrace function can greatly simplify the process of physically tracing apatch cord 158.

In embodiments where the infrastructure management system automaticallytracks changes to the patch cord connections, the intelligent eyeglasses200 may be used in conjunction with the connectivity database toimplement the same functionality. In particular, the intelligenteyeglasses 200 may be programmed to use the camera 220 to sense when thetechnician touches a connector port 156 with his or her finger. To avoidaccidental invocation of the trace functionality, the intelligenteyeglasses 200 may be programmed so that the trace functionality is onlyinvoked after the technician enters a voice command (e.g., states“PERFORM TRACE” into the microphone 250). After invoking a tracecommand, the technician may touch a connector port 156 that has a patchcord 158 plugged into it. The camera 220 may capture one or more imagesof the technician touching a specific connector port 156, process theseimages to determine that they indicate that the technician has touched aconnector port 156, and then correlate the image(s) with information ina database (e.g., the database 118 of a system controller 110 that theintelligent eyeglasses 200 is in communication with) that lists the typeof equipment 150 that is stored in each slot 142 in the equipment rack140 at issue, and the locations of the connector ports 156 on thatequipment 150, in order to identify the connector port 156 that thetechnician touched. The system controller 110 may then access theconnectivity database to determine the patch cord connectivityinformation for the patch cord 158 that is inserted into the connectorport 156 that the technician touched. The system controller 110 may thenforward this information to the intelligent eyeglasses 200, andinformation may be rendered on the display 210 of the intelligenteyeglasses 200 that notifies the technician (e.g., visually) as to theconnector port 156 that the far end of the patch cord 158 is pluggedinto. In this fashion, the intelligent eyeglasses 200 may provide patchcord tracing functionality without the need for the inclusion of tracebuttons next to the connector ports 156. This advantageously can allowextending tracing functionality to network switches, servers and otherdevices that typically do not include trace buttons.

In still other embodiments, bar codes or other optical identifiers maybe provided on each patch cord 158 (e.g., on the strain relief boot ofeach plug) and on each connector port 156. Bar codes that have the sameidentifier are placed on both plugs of any given patch cord 158. In suchembodiments, the intelligent eyeglasses 200 may simply scan the bar codeon the connector port 156 and the bar code on the patch cord 158 eachtime a patching change is performed, and forward this information to theconnectivity database. Since both ends of a given patch cord 158 havethe same identifier, the infrastructure management system can readilydetermine the two connector ports 156 that are connected by each patchcord 158. Thus, while such a system may require the use of a largenumber of barcodes, it provides a convenient way for automaticallytracking patch cord connections. One caveat is that it may be necessarythat the patch cords are arranged so that the camera 220 is able tocapture each barcode on the patch cords 158 and on the connector ports156.

The intelligent eyeglasses 200 (or other portable/wearable device) mayperform a variety of functions including (1) confirming that electronicwork orders have been correctly competed (i.e., that patching changesand equipment changes were completed), (2) automatically trackingchanges to the patching connections, (3) providing instructions and/orvisual indicia to technicians that assist in carrying out electronicwork orders, and (4) performing patch cord tracing operations.

The voice command capabilities of the intelligent eyeglasses 200 mayalso be used to perform a variety of additional functions. For example,as a technician adds new patch cords 158, removes patch cords 158 orchanges the connectivity of patch cords 158, he or she can narrate intothe microphone 250 each action that is completed. This narration mayfollow a predefined script that may be used to automatically update theconnectivity and/or equipment databases. The intelligent eyeglasses 200may also provide the technician visual or audible indication as to eachupdate that is being made to ensure that mistakes are not made in thedata entry process.

As another example, when a pre-existing communications system isupgraded to include the intelligent infrastructure management systemsaccording to embodiments of the present invention, the equipment 150 andpatch cords 158 will already be in place. In order for theinfrastructure management system to be used to automate operation ofthis pre-existing communications system, it typically will be necessaryto populate the equipment and connectivity databases of a DCIM system170 or other control system. This process is typically a highly-timeconsuming, labor-intensive task that may take days or even weeks tocomplete. Using voice commands and the intelligent eyeglasses 200 andintelligent network monitoring systems 100, a technician can simplyrecite the necessary information verbally and have it automaticallyentered into the equipment and connectivity databases. For example, thetechnician can, for each equipment rack 140, narrate the type ofequipment 150 that is included in each slot 142 in the equipment rack140 in order to populate the equipment database. Additionally, thecamera on the intelligent eyeglasses 200 may also take a picture of eachequipment rack 140 and compare the picture to pre-stored images ofdifferent types of equipment 150 as a means of verifying that thetechnician is correctly entering the equipment types into the equipmentdatabase.

Voice commands may likewise be used for a number of additionalactivities including, for example, displaying the pending work ordersassociated with a particular piece of equipment 150 or a particularequipment rack 140, performing patch cord tracing operations, and/orlocating certain types of equipment 150 or specific pieces of equipment150.

Pursuant to yet further embodiments of the present invention, theinfrastructure management systems may include automated patch cordconnectivity tracking hardware through the use of active RFID tags. Suchcapabilities may provide a third tier of functionality to theinfrastructure management system. When combined with the use of theimage-taking capabilities provided in the first and second tiers asdiscussed above, the use of active RFID tags may provide a reliablemethod of tracking patch cord connections to both intelligent andnon-intelligent equipment 150.

An RFID tag refers to an electronic tag that typically includes anintegrated circuit chip and a radio frequency (“RF”) antenna.Information may be stored in a memory of the integrated circuit chipsuch as, for example, a unique identifier. The RFID tag may be “excited”to cause the tag to wirelessly transmit the information stored in thememory through the RF antenna. This information may then be received ata remote RFID transceiver. RFID tags often have an adhesive backing sothat they can be readily adhered to various articles such as equipment,items stored in a warehouse, or even consumer merchandise. As theidentifier that is transmitted by each RFID tag is typically unique tothat RFID tag, each identifier may be used to identify a particularitem, and hence the RFID tags may be used to track the location ofspecific items.

Both passive and active RFID tags are known in the art. A passive RFIDtag refers to an RFID tag that does not have its own power source.Passive RFID tags are designed to receive an excitation signal that istransmitted by an RFID transmitter and to use the energy in thisexcitation signal as a power source for transmitting a responsive signalthat includes the information stored in the memory of the RFID tag.Passive RFID tags may be very inexpensive, but have a very limitedtransmission range and typically the RFID transmitter must be very closeto a passive RFID tag in order to provide sufficient energy to the tagto allow it to transmit a responsive signal. Moreover, if a number ofarticles that include passive RFID tags are located in close proximity,an excitation signal transmitted by an RFID transmitter may excitemultiple of the passive RFID tags, causing each tag to transmit itsunique identifier. While protocols exist that may prevent the RFID tagsfrom transmitting their identifier simultaneously, it may not, in somecase, be possible to determine which article transmitted a uniqueidentifier in situations where multiple passive RFID tags transmit inresponse to an excitation signal.

In contrast, an active RFID tag refers to an RFID tag that includes itsown power source. Typically, the power source consists of a smallbattery, although solar cells or other power sources may be used. ActiveRFID tags may be designed to transmit the information stored in thememory thereof in response to receiving an excitation signal and/or maytransmit this information on their own accord when certain conditionsare met.

Pursuant to embodiments of the present invention, patch cords areprovided that include an active RFID tag in each plug connector thereof.It will be appreciated that in some embodiments the active RFID tags maybe mounted in or on each plug housing, while in other embodiments theactive RFID tags may be mounted close to the plugs, such as in or on astrain relief boot or in or on a portion of the cable that is adjacentthe plugs.

Each plug may include a plug latch. As is known to those of skill in theart, a plug latch refers to a tab or other activation mechanism that maybe depressed or otherwise activated to unlock a plug from a matingconnector. For example, RJ-45 plugs and various types of fiber opticplugs (e.g., LC plugs) typically include plug latches in the form of acantilevered member. A technician may depress the free end of thecantilevered plug latch to unlock the plug so that it may be removedfrom a mating RJ-45 jack or fiber optic adapter/connector. Other plugssuch as MPO fiber optic connectors often use a so-called “push-on” latchmechanism. In both cases, as well as with any other type of latchmechanism, each plug may be designed so that activation of the pluglatch causes the active RFID tag to transmit the unique identifier thatis stored in the memory thereof. As a result, the active RFID tag on aparticular patch cord plug will transmit its unique identifier each timethe plug is inserted into, or removed from, a connector port.

FIGS. 9-11 illustrate an embodiment of an intelligent patch cord 300according to certain embodiments of the present invention that includesa plug latch activated active RFID tag. The particular patch cord 300illustrated in the example of FIGS. 9-11 is an Ethernet patch cordhaving RJ-45 plugs on either end thereof. FIG. 9 is a perspective viewof the patch cord 300. FIG. 10 is an enlarged perspective view of one ofthe plugs of the patch cord 300. FIG. 11 is a schematic side view of theplug latch and active RFID tag that are included on the plug of FIG. 10.The RJ-45 plugs on the patch cord 300 are configured to be received in amating jack. FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view of the frontportion of a conventional RJ-45 jack 400 that illustrates features ofthe housing of the jack 400 that cooperate with the plugs of the patchcord to implement the active RFID tag functionality thereof.

As shown in FIGS. 9-11, the patch cord 300 includes a cable 310 and apair of plugs 320. As shown in FIG. 9, the cable 310 may comprise, forexample, an Ethernet cable having four twisted pairs of insulatedconductors 311-314 such as a Category 6 or Category 6a communicationscable, any type of fiber optic cable, a coaxial cable, or a hybridcable. The plugs 320 are mounted on the respective ends of the cable310. In the depicted embodiment, each plug 320 comprises an RJ-45 plugand the cable 310 comprises a Category 6a Ethernet cable.

Referring to FIG. 10, each plug includes a housing 330, a plug latch 340and an active RFID tag 350. Each housing 330 may have an aperture 332 ina back end thereof that receives a respective end of the communicationscable 310. A plurality of slots 334 are included along the forwardportion of the top surface of the housing 330. Each of the slots 334 mayalso extend along the front surface of the housing 330. A plurality ofplug blades (not visible in the drawings) may be mounted within theinterior of the housing 330. Each plug blade may be electricallyconnected to a respective one of the conductors in the cable 310. Eachplug blade may also be mounted to extend into a respective one of theslots 334. The slots 334 provide access to the respective plug blades336 so that the contacts of a mating RJ-45 jack may physically contactand electrically connect to the respective plug blades. FIG. 12 is aperspective view of a conventional RJ-45 jack that illustrates the plugcontacts 436 thereof that mate with the respective plug blades.

The plug latch 340 extends from the bottom surface of the housing 330(the plug 320 is depicted in an upside-down orientation in FIG. 10). Thebase 342 of the plug latch 340 may be positioned along the forward edgeof the bottom surface of the housing 330, and the arm 344 of the pluglatch 340 may extend downwardly and rearwardly from the base 342. Theplug latch 340 may extend from the housing 330 in a cantileveredfashion, with the base 342 of the plug latch 340 connected to thehousing 330 and the distal portion of the arm 344 being free. The base342 may be wider than the arm 344, thereby defining a pair of tabs 346that are located on either side of the portion of the arm 344 that mateswith the base 342. The above-described plug housing 330 and plug latchdesign is conventional and widely used in RJ-45 plugs.

As noted above, the plug latch 340 is mounted in cantilevered fashionfrom the housing 330 and is formed of a resilient material such as aresilient plastic material. Accordingly, the free end of the plug latch340 is moveable over some range of movement. In FIG. 10, the plug latch340 is illustrated in its normal “resting” position (i.e., the positionthat the plug latch 340 will take when no force is applied thereto). Atechnician may depress the arm 344 of the plug latch 340 downwardlytowards the plug housing 330. Such depression of the arm 344 likewisedepresses the tabs 346 of the base downwardly toward the plug housing330.

As is known to those of skill in the art, the housing of an RJ-45 jackincludes a plug aperture that is configured to snugly receive a matingRJ-45 plug. As shown in FIG. 12, the plug aperture 410 of RJ-45 jack 400may define a generally rectangular opening 412 that has a channel 414formed in a bottom surface thereof. The rectangular opening 412 may besized to receive the housing 330 of the RJ-45 plug 320, and the channel414 may be sized to receive the plug latch 340. As the plug 320 isinserted into the plug aperture 410 of jack 400, the front edge of thechannel 414 engages the plug latch 340 and thereby depresses the arm 344of plug latch 340 upwardly toward the plug housing 330.

A pair of small, spaced apart, upwardly projecting stops 416 areprovided at the forward edge of the channel 414. The stops 416 arespaced-apart sufficiently so that the arm 344 of the plug latch 340 onplug 320 may pass between the stops 416. As the plug 320 is insertedwithin the plug aperture 410, the stops 416 press upwardly on the tabs346 that are provided on the base 342 of plug latch 340. This upwardforce depresses the plug latch 340 upwardly towards the plug housing330, and allows the tabs 346 to pass over the stops 416 so that the plug320 may be inserted within the plug aperture 410. Once the tabs 346 arewithin the plug aperture 410 and pass beyond the stops 416, the upwardforce is removed, and the plug latch 340 may resiliently snap back intoits resting position. In this resting position, the distal end of theplug latch and the tabs 346 are farther from the plug housing 330. Thestops 416 of jack 400 are designed so that when the plug latch 340 ofplug 320 is received within the plug aperture 410 is in its restingposition, the tabs 346 are trapped behind the stops 416 in the jackhousing, thereby locking the plug 320 within the plug aperture 410. Toremove the plug 320 from the jack 400, a technician may press upwardlyon the distal end of the plug latch 340 so that the tabs 346 are pressedupwardly so that they may pass over the stops 416 when the technicianapplies a pulling force on the plug 320.

As is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the arm 344 of plug latch 340 includes alaterally disposed tab 348 that has an upwardly facing projection 349.The active RFID tag 350 is mounted on or within the bottom surface ofthe plug housing 330 directly above the projection 349. When the pluglatch 340 is depressed upwardly by a technician, the tab 349 is forcedupwardly so that it contacts and depresses a mechanical switch 352 thatis provided in the active RFID tag 350. When the switch 352 isdepressed, a circuit within the RFID tag 350 is closed that causes theRFID tag 350 to transmit the information stored in the memory thereof.As explained above, each time the plug 320 is inserted into, or removedfrom, a mating jack 400 (i.e., a connector port on any of the equipment150 discussed above), the plug latch 340 will be depressed. Accordingly,the active RFID tag 350 will transmit each time the plug 320 is insertedinto, or removed from, a mating connector port, but otherwise generallywill not transmit information.

The patch cords 300 according to embodiments of the present inventionmay be used in conjunction with the intelligent network monitoringsystem 100 to automatically track patch cord connections. For example,as discussed above, the intelligent network monitoring system 100 mayinclude an RFID antenna 126 and an RFID receiver 128. The RFID antenna126 and RFID receiver 128 may receive the RFID signals that aretransmitted by the active RFID tags 350 on the patch cords 300 when theplugs 320 thereof are plugged into connector ports 156 that are within acertain range. Upon receiving such an RFID signal, the RFID receiver 128of the intelligent network monitoring system 100 reads the uniqueidentifier from the received RFID signal and records the time when theRFID signal was received. The intelligent network monitoring system 100may also record the times when patching changes are detected at theconnector ports 156 on the rack mounted equipment 150 that theintelligent network monitoring system 100 monitors. The intelligentnetwork monitoring system 100 may then correlate the time when the RFIDsignal is received with the closest time at which a connector port 156was identified by the three-dimensional scanner 120 as receiving a patchcord 300 to identify the connector port 156 that the patch cord 300 wasplugged into. In a similar fashion, when the patch cord 300 is removedfrom a connector port 156, the active RFID tag 350 will transmit an RFIDsignal that includes the unique identifier for the patch cord 300. TheRFID antenna 126 and RFID receiver 128 of the intelligent networkmonitoring system 100 may receive this RFID signal and may read theunique identifier therefrom and record the time when the RFID signal wasreceived. The intelligent network monitoring system 100 may thencorrelate the time when the RFID signal is received with the closesttime at which a connector port 156 was identified by the intelligentnetwork monitoring system 100 as having a patch cord 300 removedtherefrom to identify the connector port 156 that the patch cord 300 wasremoved from. In this manner, the intelligent infrastructure managementsystem may automatically track the patching connections. Notably, whilethis methodology requires the use of specialized patch cords that haveactive RFID tags, the methodology will work with any type of equipmentincluding passive (non-intelligent) patch panels, network switches,servers and the like.

Essentially all patch cord plugs that are used in office networks anddata center operations include a plug latch, including fiber optic patchcords. Accordingly, the intelligent patching techniques described abovemay be used on fiber optic patch cords as well as on Ethernet patchcords. This in contrast to many other intelligent patching solutionswhich are only designed to work on Ethernet patch cords and patchpanels. For example, the active RFID tags 350 may be placed on MPO fiberoptic trunk cables and patch cords and MPO and LC fiber optic fan outcables.

In some embodiments, the active RFID tags 350 may include information inaddition to a unique identifier. For example, in some embodiments, thememory in the active RFID tag may also include information about thetype of patch cord/cable and/or information regarding the performance ofthe patch cord/cable that the RFID tag is mounted on.

In some cases, the patching connections may be made in a communicationssystem before the system is fully deployed. When this occurs, it may benecessary to populate the connectivity database with the existing patchcord connections before the system may go operational. A configurationprobe may be used in these circumstances to load the connectivitydatabase. The configuration probe may comprise a handheld RFID readerthat may wirelessly communicate with the intelligent network monitoringsystems 100 via, for example, Bluetooth communications. A technician maytouch the configuration probe to each patch cord plug that is pluggedinto a connector port 156 on a piece of equipment 150 that is monitoredby a specific one of the intelligent network monitoring systems 100. Theconfiguration probe reads the unique identifier from the memory in theactive RFID tag 350 on the patch cord 300, and wirelessly transmits theidentifier to the intelligent network monitoring systems 100. Theintelligent network monitoring systems 100 uses images captured by thescanner 120 to determine the specific connector port 156 on the specificitem of equipment 150 that the patch cord is inserted into that thetechnician touched with the configuration probe, and thus determinesthat the unique identifier received from the configuration probe is theidentifier for the patch cord that is plugged into the connector port.The intelligent network monitoring systems 100 may then update theconnectivity database with this information. As both plugs on a givenpatch cord 300 have active RFID tags 350 that have the same uniqueidentifier stored therein, the system can readily determine all of thepatch cord connections once all of the connector ports 156 have beenprobed in the manner described above using the configuration probe.

It will be appreciated that many modifications may be made to the patchcord of FIGS. 9-11. For example, in other embodiments, the active RFIDtag 350 may be triggered to transmit the information stored in the RFIDtag by an activation mechanism other than depression of the plug latch.For example, in another embodiment, a sensor in the plug may sense ifthe plug is received within a connector port, and the active RFID tagmay be triggered to transmit the unique identifier each time it sensesthat the plug transitions from being outside to inside a connector portor vice versa.

As described above, in some embodiments of the present invention, acamera or scanner is used to capture one or more images that are thencorrelated with information in a database such as other previouslycaptured images to make certain determinations, such as whether or not aparticular connector port has a plug of a patch cord inserted therein.Herein, such a scanner or camera may be referred to generically as an“image capture device.” Herein a determination that is made as towhether or not a connector port has a patch cord plugged into it may bereferred to as a determination as to the patch cord insertion status ofthe connector port. Herein reference is made to “equipment racks.” Itwill be appreciated that the term “rack” is used broadly to cover openracks, closed or closable equipment cabinets and other such structuresthat a plurality of patch panels and/or a plurality of network equipmentmay be mounted on in operation. It will also be appreciated that theterm “connector port” is used broadly to refer to a wide variety ofconnectors including Ethernet connectors such as RJ-45 and RJ-11 jacksand a wide variety of fiber optic connectors such as fiber opticadapters, plugs, jacks and the like.

The present invention has been described above with reference to theaccompanying drawings, in which certain embodiments of the invention areshown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different formsand should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forthherein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosurewill be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of theinvention to those skilled in the art.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used hereinhave the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill inthe art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in thedescription of the invention herein is for the purpose of describingparticular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of theinvention. As used in the description of the invention and the appendedclaims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to includethe plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will also be understood that when an element (e.g., adevice, circuit, etc.) is referred to as being “connected” or “coupled”to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the otherelement or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when anelement is referred to as being “directly connected” or “directlycoupled” to another element, there are no intervening elements present.

In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed typicalembodiments of the invention and, although specific terms are employed,they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not forpurposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth inthe following claims.

That which is claimed is:
 1. A method of tracking patching cordconnections, the method comprising: entering a first plurality of voicecommands into a portable/wearable electronic device to populate aconnectivity database with existing patch cord connections; performing apatching connection change; and entering second voice command into theportable/wearable electronic device to update the connectivity databaseto reflect the patching connection change.
 2. The method of claim 1,further comprising entering a third plurality of voice commands into theportable/wearable electronic device to populate an equipment databasewith the types of equipment included in slots in an equipment rack. 3.The method of claim 1, wherein the patching connection change was apatching connection change that was specified in a work order, themethod further comprising entering a fourth voice command into aportable/wearable electronic device to indicate that the work order hasbeen completed.
 4. The method of claim 3, the method further comprisingin response to receiving the fourth voice command: wirelesslytransmitting a message from the portable/wearable electronic device to acontroller; and sending a message from the controller to update theconnectivity database.
 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the work orderis an electronic work order.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein thesecond voice command follows a pre-defined script.
 7. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising entering a fifth voice command into theportable/wearable electronic device requesting the display of a workorder.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the portable/wearableelectronic device comprises a pair of intelligent eyeglasses thatincludes a microphone.
 9. The method of claim 3, further comprising:entering a sixth voice command into the portable/wearable electronicdevice after a step of the work order is completed; rendering asubsequent step of the work order on a display in response to receivingthe sixth voice command; and transmitting a message from theportable/wearable electronic device to a controller in response toreceiving the sixth voice command to cause the controller to update theconnectivity database to reflect completion of the step of the workorder.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the portable/wearableelectronic device comprises a pair of intelligent eyeglasses.